Trading Recommendations – A Long-term Analysis and the Evolution of Law
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15678/AOC.2019.2006Keywords:
stock market recommendation, individual investor, capital gains tax, investment, Warsaw Stock ExchangeAbstract
The aim of this paper is to assess the profitability of strategies based on the recommendations made by brokerage houses and to identify the so-called reco-leaders from among financial institutions publishing investment advice. The authors focus on the quality of brokerage recommendations for companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. They investigate whether there has been an improvement in the quality of recommendations over recent years and whether regulations have been evolving to provide investors with a reliable source of recommendations. The analysis covers all stock recommendations for companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange released between January 2006 and the end of October 2017. The equity curve presents the results of the calculations and covers both transaction costs and capital gains tax. The analysis of the recommendations shows that their overall quality is extremely low and the problem is affected further by taxation. Despite poor recommendations, the research identifies leaders amongst the recommenders. Unfortunately, the overall weak performance of the recommendations issued does not entail any changes to regulations.
References
Amir, E. and Ganzach, Y. (1998) “Overreaction and Underreaction in Analysts’ Forecasts”. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 37(3): 333–47, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2681(98)00092-4.
Barber, B., Lehavy, R., McNichols, M. and Trueman, B. (2001) “Can Investors Profit from the Prophets? Security Analyst Recommendations and Stock Returns”. The Journal of Finance 56(2): 531–63, https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-1082.00336.
Biedrzyński, R. (2008) Wycena w rekomendacjach sporządzanych przez biura maklerskie a cena rynkowa spółek notowanych na Giełdzie Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie. Praca magisterska. Szczecin: Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Szczecinie.
Campenhout, van G. and Verhestraeten, J. F. (2010) Herding Behavior among Financial Analyst: A Literature Review. HUB Research Paper 39. Brussels: HUB.
Cowles, A. (1933) “Can Stock Market Forecasters Forecast?”. Econometrica 1(3): 309–24.
Czyżycki, R. and Klóska, R. (2010) “Rekomendacje giełdowe jako źródło wiedzy dla inwestora indywidualnego” in MEK 2010 Company Processes and Market Requirements. Hradec Kralove: MEK, pp. 2371–78.
Dąbrowski, P. (2013) “Huraoptymizm rekomendacji maklerskich w okresie giełdowej dekoniunktury” [Excessive optimism of recommendations during market downturn]. Studia Ekonomiczne Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Katowicach 174(2): 88–104.
Ertimur, Y., Zhang, F. and Muslu, V. (2010) “Why Are Recommendations Optimistic? Evidence from Analysts’ Coverage Initiations”. Review of Accounting Studies 16, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=993563 (accessed: 14 September 2017).
Fama, E. F. (1998) “Market Efficiency, Long-term Returns and Behavioral Finance”. Journal of Financial Economics 49(3): 283–306.
James, S. (2012) A Dictionary of Taxation. Second edition. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Jarno, K. (2017) “Efektywność tarczy podatkowej z dochodów kapitałowych z wykorzystaniem metody realizacji strat papierowych w portfelu inwestycyjnym inwestorów indywidualnych” [The efficiency of the tax shield from the capital gains on shares using the paper losses method in the individual investor’s portfolio]. Nauki o Finansach 3(32): 77–88, https://doi.org/10.15611/nof.2017.3.05.
Loh, R. K. and Mian, G. M. (2006) “Do Accurate Earnings Forecasts Facilitate Superior Investment Recommendations?”. Journal of Financial Economics 80(2): 455–83, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2005.03.009.
Marsden, A., Veeraraghavan, M. and Ye, M. (2008) “Heuristics of Representativeness, Anchoring and Adjustment, and Leniency: Impact on Earnings’ Forecasts by Australian Analysts”. Quarterly Journal of Finance and Accounting 47(2): 83–102.
Papakroni, J. (2012) “The Dispersion Anomaly and Analyst Recommendations”, www.be.wvu.edu/phd_economics/cvs/Papakroni_Jobmarket.pdf (accessed: 14 September 2017).
Park, J., Konana, P., Gu, B., Kumar, A. and Raghunathan, R. (2013) “Information Valuation and Confirmation Bias in Virtual Communities: Evidence form Stock Message Boards”. Information Systems Research 24(4): 1050–67, https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2013.0492.
Pogoński, M. (2012) Podatek od zysków kapitałowych. Giełda, odsetki, dywidendy, fundusze, IKE oraz inne przychody kapitałowe. Wrocław: Oficyna Wydawnicza „Unimex”.
Rozporządzenie Ministra Finansów z dnia 19 października 2005 r. w sprawie informacji stanowiących rekomendacje dotyczące instrumentów finansowych, ich emitentów lub wystawców, Dz.U. nr 206, poz. 1715.
Sing, S. (2012) “Investor Irrationality and Self-defeating Behavior: Insights from Behavioral Finance”. Journal of Global Business Management. Beaverton 8(1): 116–22.
Ustawa z dnia 21 listopada 2001 r. o zmianie ustawy o podatku dochodowym od osób fizycznych oraz ustawy o zryczałtowanym podatku dochodowym od niektórych przychodów osiąganych przez osoby fizyczne, Dz.U. nr 134, poz. 1509.
Womack, K. L. (1996) “Do Brokerage Analysts’ Recommendations Have Investment Value?”. Journal of Finance 51(1): 137–67, https://doi.org/10.2307/2329305.
Zaremba, A. and Konieczka, P. (2014) “Skuteczność rekomendacji maklerskich na polskim rynku akcji” [Effectiveness of stock recommendations on the Polish market]. Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego. Finanse, Rynki Finansowe, Ubezpieczenia 66: 573–581.
Żelazek, K. (2014) “Raporty domów maklerskich dla spółek giełdowych”. Rzeczpospolita May 15th.